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Understanding Hormones: the roles of Estrogen and Progesterone. How Estrogen and Progesterone levels affect women and men. By Dr Jeff Livingston. June 13, Views: Estrogens Estrogens are broken down into three groups, known as Estradiol E2 the most common type in women of childbearing age Estrone E1 the only estrogen your body makes after menopause when menstrual periods stop Estriol E3 the main estrogen during pregnancy - Advertisement -.
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Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women: A Look at the Options Hormone replacement therapy HRT is sometimes used on a short-term basis to relieve unpleasant menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and irritability.
There are several HRT schedules and methods of delivery available, including: Cyclic HRT —This treatment provides estrogen for 25 days each month, adding progesterone on the last days out of 25, followed by days of no therapy.
This way, both hormones are "cycled. Hot flashes are also more likely to return on the days when no hormones are taken. Continuous-Cyclic HRT —This treatment provides estrogen every day, with progesterone added 10—14 days of each month. Like cyclic HRT, the main side effect is uterine bleeding in the form of a period. The daily dose of progesterone is much lower than the daily dose in cyclic therapy, which may result in a lower total dose over the course of the month. In the gastrointestinal tract they reduce bowel motility and increase cholesterol in bile.
They also improve lung functions. Estrogen function. Progesterone decreases the target organs response to estrogen by decreasing the number of receptors the organ has for estrogen.
Receptors are molecules on the cells that recognize specific hormones and allows them to carry their message to the cell. Progesterone also decreases breast cell growth. It is involved in the maturation of breast cells and decreases the rate of multiplication.
Progesterone also promotes normal cell death in the breast which is important in the prevention of cancer. While estrogen decreases the rate of bone breakdown, progesterone stimulates bone osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bone to replace old bone. By decreasing thyroid binding globulin, progesterone increases the activity of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone increases metabolism, and utilizes the fat stored under estrogen influence for energy.
Normal progesterone levels are important for a normal body composition. Low progesterone levels can lead to weight gain. Progesterone stimulates normal sex drive because it can be converted to testosterone which is involved in male and female sex drive.
It blocks aldosterone receptors. Aldosterone promotes water retention and swelling.
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