At one end, a transfer RNA presents a three-base codon. At the other, it grasps the corresponding amino acid. The ribosome acts like a giant clamp, holding all of the players in position, and facilitating both the pairing of bases between the messenger and transfer RNAs, and the chemical bonding between the amino acids.
This document was produced by microBEnet. RNA has multiple roles. Introduction At their core, all organisms on the planet have very similar mechanisms by which they handle their genetic information and use it to create the building blocks of a cell.
Among the core features: 1. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms. Cytosine, a nucleotide Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is the material substance of inheritance. RNA molecules made in a cell are used in a variety of ways. Like this: Like Loading The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. How do genes direct the production of proteins?
From Genetics Home Reference. Topics in the How Genes Work chapter What are proteins and what do they do? Can genes be turned on and off in cells? Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique.
DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction. In organisms called eukaryotes, DNA is found inside a special area of the cell called the nucleus.
Because the cell is very small, and because organisms have many DNA molecules per cell, each DNA molecule must be tightly packaged. This packaged form of the DNA is called a chromosome. At other times in the cell cycle, DNA also unwinds so that its instructions can be used to make proteins and for other biological processes.
But during cell division, DNA is in its compact chromosome form to enable transfer to new cells. An organism's complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. Besides the DNA located in the nucleus, humans and other complex organisms also have a small amount of DNA in cell structures known as mitochondria.
Mitochondria generate the energy the cell needs to function properly. In sexual reproduction, organisms inherit half of their nuclear DNA from the male parent and half from the female parent.
However, organisms inherit all of their mitochondrial DNA from the female parent. This occurs because only egg cells, and not sperm cells, keep their mitochondria during fertilization. DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides.
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