Sep 15, Issue. Diagnosis and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. C 3 , 4 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can provide short-term improvement in pain from plantar fasciitis when used with other conservative therapies. B 5 Prefabricated and custom-made foot orthotics are effective in reducing heel pain and improving foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis. B 9 — 11 The use of anterior night splints can improve plantar fasciitis pain. B 9 , 12 Corticosteroid injections can provide relief for acute and chronic plantar fasciitis.
B 14 , 17 Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is a viable treatment option for chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Enlarge Print Table 1. Table 1. Enlarge Print Figure 1. Figure 1. Enlarge Print Table 2. Differential Diagnosis of Plantar Heel Pain Etiology Associated characteristics Neurologic Medial calcaneal and abductor digiti quinti nerve entrapment Pain and burning sensation in the medial plantar region Neuropathies Diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiency Tarsal tunnel syndrome Burning sensation in medial plantar region Skeletal Acute calcaneal fracture Direct trauma, unable to bear weight Calcaneal apophysitis Sever disease Adolescent, posterior calcaneal pain Calcaneal stress fracture Insidious onset of pain, repetitive loading Calcaneal tumor Deep bone pain Systemic arthritides e.
Table 2. Enlarge Print Figure 2. Figure 2. Enlarge Print Figure 3. Figure 3. Treatment planning for patients with plantar fasciitis. Enlarge Print Figure 5. Eccentric stretch used for plantar fasciitis. Figure 5. Enlarge Print Figure 6. Over-the-counter heel cup. Figure 6. Enlarge Print Figure 7. Figure 7. Enlarge Print Figure 8. Custom-made foot orthotic.
Figure 8. Enlarge Print Figure 9. Anterior night splint. Figure 9. Enlarge Print Figure Posterior night splint. Figure Read the full article. Get immediate access, anytime, anywhere. Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.
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Navigate this Article. The use of anterior night splints can improve plantar fasciitis pain. Excessive foot pronation pes planus. High arch pes cavus. Leg length discrepancy. You can remove the boot cast, which looks like a ski boot, for bathing. Find arch supports or a boot cast. Carefully following recommendations for home treatment is often enough to heal plantar fasciitis without help from your doctor.
Find out more tips for caring for plantar fasciitis at home. Still, some studies suggest that using essential oils may reduce pain and inflammation for certain conditions. These oils include:. Make sure to dilute your essential oil with a carrier oil, like coconut oil, before using it for massage. You can also inhale the steam from the essential oil mixed with hot water. Wear supportive shoes with good arch support, and replace your athletic footwear regularly.
Incorporate low-impact exercises into your routine, like swimming or bicycling. Avoid overworking your plantar fascia with very frequent running. Before exercising, be sure to stretch your calves, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia. Do your best to stay at a healthy weight. For most people, plantar fasciitis improves within a few months of home treatments.
These include resting, icing, and stretching. You can also help your plantar fascia recover by stabilizing your foot with tape. This limits the amount that the ligament can move. A review of several studies suggested that taping your foot also offers temporary pain relief.
You can use zinc oxide tape or kinesiology tape. It may take some practice, but you can tape your foot yourself and aid the recovery process. Learn how to tape your foot to help relieve plantar fasciitis. A heel spur is a hook of bone that can form on the heel bone, or calcaneus , of the foot.
Like plantar fasciitis, it can develop from long-term stress on your feet. An orthopedic surgeon or a podiatrist can diagnose a heel spur with an X-ray.
Heel spurs often cause no symptoms. According to the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons AAOS , 1 in 10 people has a heel spur, but only 1 in 20 people with heel spurs experiences pain.
Conversely, the Cleveland Clinic reports that 50 percent of people who have heel spurs feel pain because of the heel spur. Having plantar fasciitis also increases your likelihood of forming heel spurs. You can treat heel spurs close to the same way you would treat plantar fasciitis. Rest and use ice, pain medications, and shoe inserts to reduce any symptoms. Learn more about treating heel spurs at home. Children, like adults, may develop plantar fasciitis from overuse of the ligament or from wearing old or unsupportive shoes.
Massaging the area can also help it heal. Make sure your child rests and avoids running, jumping, and standing for long periods to help their foot heal. When your child returns to their normal activities, remind them to do warmup exercises and stretches to keep the problem from returning. But many people who have bone spurs on their heels have no heel pain.
Most people who have plantar fasciitis recover in several months with conservative treatment, including resting, icing the painful area and stretching.
Pain relievers such as ibuprofen Advil, Motrin IB, others and naproxen sodium Aleve may ease the pain and inflammation caused by plantar fasciitis. Stretching and strengthening exercises or using special devices may relieve symptoms.
They include:. While you may initially consult your family physician, he or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in foot disorders or sports medicine.
Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Intense heel pain during the first steps after waking or after a period of inactivity, with relief upon initiation of movement. Pain that reduces with moderate activity, but worsens later during the day or after long periods of standing or walking.
Document any risk factors , such as age between 40—60 years, overweight or obesity, running, or prolonged standing or walking. Examine the foot at rest when sitting and when standing and walking.
Signs of plantar fasciitis include: Tenderness on palpation of the plantar heel area particularly, but not always, localized around the medial calcaneal tuberosity.
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