All had their capitals at Jianye, present-day Nanjing. The Three Kingdoms period has been romanticised repeatedly in Chinese culture — most notably in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The Sui dynasty, although brief, saw great changes in Chinese history. Confucianism disintegrated as the dominant religion, making way for Taoism and Buddhism. Literature flourished — it is thought that the legend of Hua Mulan was composed during this time.
Under Emperor Wen and his son, Yang, the army was enlarged to the largest in the world at the time. Coinage was standardised across the realm, the Great Wall was expanded and the Grand Canal was completed.
The Tang dynasty, sometimes known as the Golden Age of Ancient China, was considered the high point in Chinese civilisation. Its second emperor, Taizong, was regarded as one of the greatest Chinese emperors. The period saw one of the most peaceful and prosperous periods of Chinese history. By the time of the rule of Emperor Xuanzong , China was the largest and most populous country in the world. Major achievements were seen in technology, science, culture, art and literature, especially poetry.
Some of the most beautiful pieces of Chinese sculpture and silverwork originate from the Tang dynasty. The dynasty also saw the only female monarch in the history of China — Empress Wu Zetian Wu organised a secret police force and spies across the country, making her one of the most effective — yet popular — monarchs in Chinese history.
The 50 years between the fall of the Tang dynasty and establishment of the Song dynasty were dominated by internal strife and chaos. In north China, 5 would-be dynasties followed one another in succession. During the same period, 10 regimes dominated separate regions of south China. Despite the political turmoil, some key developments took place during this time. Emperor Modi of Jin , the last emperor of Jin Dynasty, was the shortest-reigning emperor in the history of China. He ruled China for less than one day.
Yuan Dynasty had the largest territory in history of China. It covered a total area of over 12 million square kilometers at its peak. Many believe that Southern Song Dynasty had smallest territory in history of China.
Wu Zetian was the first and only female emperor in Chinese history. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. Ancient China is responsible for a rich culture, still evident in modern China.
From small farming communities rose dynasties such as the Zhou B. E , Qin B. E , and Ming C. Each had its own contribution to the region.
During the Zhou Dynasty, for example, writing was standardized, iron working refined, and famous thinkers like Confucius and Sun-Tzu lived and shared their philosophies. Learn more about the history and rich culture of Ancient China with this curated resource collection.
Macedonia, a small kingdom in northern Greece, established a growing empire from B. With Alexander the Great, Macedonia would come to conquer many lands and usher in the Hellenistic age in the region. Due to the limited nature of the information we have about ancient Egypt, the historical figures that we call key is a more limited group than it would be in contemporary times.
The article explores three groups of key figures: those involved in developing the form of the pyramid, famous Egyptian rulers, and important non-Egyptian rulers. Ruled by Hammurabi, restored by Nebuchadrezzar, conquered by Cyrus—this city in the heart of Mesopotamia was both desired and despised, placing it at the center stage of the dawn of history.
Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Article Vocabulary. Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.
Media If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. This was the first stage of primitive society. Then people farmed and raised animals. This is the second stage of primitive. However, the Republic of China could not be firmly established across China, with civil war ensuing for decades. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in , China has entered a Communist era of stability, with the Reform and Opening Up policy of bringing in China's phenomenal economic growth.
With a vast territory and a long history, China offers so much to see and explore. Historical cities like Beijing , Xi'an , and Luoyang are good destinations to explore China's profound history. See recommended tours:. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service.
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